A MODEL FOR THE FUNCTIONAL HARMONIZATION OF MARKETPLACE RESPONSIBILITIES IN DIGITAL CONSUMER PROTECTION FOLLOWING THE 2024 AMENDMENTS TO THE ITE LAW
Keywords:
marketplace, digital consumer protection, legal harmonization, legal liability, EIT LawAbstract
The development of electronic commerce has positioned marketplaces as central actors in Indonesia’s digital economy. Marketplaces no longer operate merely as passive intermediaries between sellers and consumers but also function as trade facilitators, Electronic System Providers, and Personal Data Controllers. Legal issues arise because marketplace liability remains dispersed across several regulatory regimes, including the Consumer Protection Law, the Electronic Information and Transactions Law, the Personal Data Protection Law, and implementing regulations on electronic system operation and electronic commerce. This study aims to analyze the legal liability of marketplaces, identify forms of regulatory disharmony, and formulate an ideal harmonization model for digital consumer protection. This research uses normative legal methods with statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The findings show that disharmony in marketplace liability occurs in four main forms: disharmony in determining the liable legal subject, the basis of liability, the scope of responsibility, and dispute resolution mechanisms. This study proposes a Functional Harmonization Model of Marketplace Liability, which allocates responsibility based on the marketplace’s functions as a trade facilitator, Electronic System Provider, and Personal Data Controller. This model is expected to strengthen legal certainty and digital consumer protection in Indonesia.
Downloads
References
Ahmadi Miru. Hukum Perlindungan Konsumen. Jakarta: Rajawali Pers, 2018.
Ahmadi Miru, dan Sutarman Yodo. Hukum Perlindungan Konsumen. Jakarta: Rajawali Pers, 2015.
ASEAN. ASEAN Guidelines on Consumer Protection in E-Commerce. Jakarta: ASEAN Secretariat, 2022.
Az. Nasution. Hukum Perlindungan Konsumen: Suatu Pengantar. Jakarta: Diadit Media, 2014.
Bagir Manan. Hukum Positif Indonesia: Satu Kajian Teoretik. Yogyakarta: FH UII Press, 2004.
Edmon Makarim. Pengantar Hukum Telematika. Jakarta: RajaGrafindo Persada, 2015.
European Commission. The Digital Services Act: Ensuring a Safe and Accountable Online Environment. Brussels: European Commission, 2024.
E. Utrecht. Pengantar dalam Hukum Indonesia. Jakarta: Ichtiar Baru, 1986.
Google, Temasek, dan Bain & Company. e-Conomy SEA 2024. Singapore: Google SEA, 2024.
Gultom. “Tanggung Jawab Platform Digital dalam Transaksi E-Commerce di Indonesia.” J-CEKI: Jurnal Cendekia Ilmiah, Vol. 4, No. 6, 2025.
Gustav Radbruch. Legal Philosophy. Translated by Kurt Wilk. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1950.
Hans Kelsen. Pure Theory of Law. Translated by Max Knight. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1967.
Johnny Ibrahim. Teori dan Metodologi Penelitian Hukum Normatif. Malang: Bayumedia, 2006.
Lilian Edwards. Role and Responsibility of Internet Intermediaries in the Field of Copyright and Related Rights. Geneva: World Intellectual Property Organization, 2011.
L.M. Gandhi. Harmonisasi Hukum Menuju Hukum yang Responsif. Jakarta: Badan Pembinaan Hukum Nasional, 1995.
Maria Farida Indrati S. Ilmu Perundang-Undangan: Jenis, Fungsi dan Materi Muatan. Cetakan ke-21. Yogyakarta: Kanisius, 2020.
Mihradi, Raden Muhammad, dan Sinta Dewi Rosadi. “Legal Responsibility of Digital Platform Providers in Electronic Transactions.” Veritas et Justitia, Vol. 9, No. 2, 2023.
OECD. An Introduction to Online Platforms and Their Role in the Digital Transformation. Paris: OECD Publishing, 2019.
OECD. Recommendation of the Council on Consumer Protection in E-Commerce. Paris: OECD, 2022.
Peraturan Menteri Perdagangan Nomor 31 Tahun 2023 tentang Perizinan Berusaha, Periklanan, Pembinaan, dan Pengawasan Pelaku Usaha dalam Perdagangan melalui Sistem Elektronik.
Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 71 Tahun 2019 tentang Penyelenggaraan Sistem dan Transaksi Elektronik.
Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 80 Tahun 2019 tentang Perdagangan Melalui Sistem Elektronik.
Peter Mahmud Marzuki. Penelitian Hukum. Edisi Revisi. Jakarta: Kencana, 2017.
Philipus M. Hadjon. Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Rakyat di Indonesia. Surabaya: Bina Ilmu, 1987.
Regulation (EU) 2022/2065 of the European Parliament and of the Council on a Single Market for Digital Services (Digital Services Act).
Rosadi, Sinta Dewi. “Protecting Privacy on Personal Data in Digital Economic Era: Legal Framework in Indonesia.” Jurnal Bina Mulia Hukum, Vol. 4, No. 1, 2019.
Rosadi, Sinta Dewi, dan Garry Gumelar Pratama. “Perlindungan Privasi dan Data Pribadi dalam Era Ekonomi Digital di Indonesia.” Veritas et Justitia, Vol. 4, No. 1, 2018.
Rusli, Tami. “Perlindungan Konsumen dalam Transaksi E-Commerce Perspektif Hukum Positif Indonesia.” Jurnal Pranata Hukum, Vol. 17, No. 1, 2022.
Shidarta. Hukum Perlindungan Konsumen Indonesia. Jakarta: Grasindo, 2018.
Soerjono Soekanto, dan Sri Mamudji. Penelitian Hukum Normatif: Suatu Tinjauan Singkat. Jakarta: RajaGrafindo Persada, 2015.
Svantesson, Dan Jerker B. “Data Protection and the Internet: Jurisdictional Issues and Emerging Regulatory Trends.” Computer Law & Security Review, Vol. 38, 2020.
Tambunan, Toman Sony. “Perlindungan Konsumen dalam Transaksi Digital di Indonesia.” Jurnal Hukum dan Pembangunan Ekonomi, Vol. 10, No. 2, 2022.
Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945.
Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen.
Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik.
Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-undangan.
Undang-Undang Nomor 27 Tahun 2022 tentang Pelindungan Data Pribadi.
Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2022 tentang Perubahan Kedua atas Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-undangan.
Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2024 tentang Perubahan Kedua atas Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik.
UNCTAD. Digital Economy Report 2024: Shaping an Environmentally Sustainable and Inclusive Digital Future. Geneva: United Nations, 2024.
Wicaksono, Satrio Pradana. “Digital Consumer Protection from the Perspective of Indonesian Law.” International Conference on Law, Social Science and Humanities, 2025.
World Bank. Digital Progress and Trends Report 2023. Washington DC: World Bank, 2023.
World Economic Forum. Pathways to Digital Justice: Strengthening Consumer Trust in Digital Markets. Geneva: World Economic Forum, 2023.
