JURIDICAL ANALYSIS OF THE POLICY ON THE ISSUANCE OF SAILING APPROVAL LETTERS BY THE HARBORMASTER FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF MARITIME SAFETY AND DIGITAL PORT GOVERNANCE (A Research Study at the Class III Sungai Guntung Port Administration Unit Office)
Keywords:
Inaportne, Maritime Safety, Sailing Approval Letter, Harbormaster, Digital Port Governance.Abstract
The issuance of Sailing Approval Letters (SPBs) by the Harbormaster is a supervisory instrument for ensuring maritime safety and accountable port governance. The digital transformation of services through Inaportnet requires an effective, transparent, and integrated issuance process, but practical obstacles continue to limit implementation. This study analyzes the legal framework governing SPB issuance, its implementation at the Class III Sungai Guntung Port Administration Unit Office, and the obstacles and solutions associated with maritime safety and digital port governance. It draws on Philipus M. Hadjon's theory of authority, Sudikno Mertokusumo's theory of legal certainty, Lawrence M. Friedman's legal system theory, and Sedarmayanti's theory of good governance. Empirical legal research was conducted using statutory, conceptual, and sociological approaches. Primary data were obtained through interviews with the Harbormaster and relevant officials, while secondary data comprised legislation, books, scholarly journals, and supporting documents. The findings indicate that SPB issuance has an adequate legal foundation and generally follows the applicable procedures through Inaportnet. Nevertheless, limited technological infrastructure, unstable internet connectivity, uneven human resource competence, insufficient interagency data integration, and incomplete compliance among service users prevent optimal implementation. The proposed solutions include improving digital facilities, strengthening officials' capacity, assisting shipping service users, enhancing coordination, and periodically evaluating implementation. The study concludes that the principal challenges concern implementation rather than the basic substance of the regulations. Digital transformation should therefore strengthen, rather than replace, substantive safety verification and the Harbormaster's legal accountability.
Downloads
References
A. Books
Adrian Sutedi, Hukum Administrasi Negara, Sinar Grafika, Jakarta, 2021.
Agus Dwiyanto, Reformasi Birokrasi dan Pelayanan Publik di Indonesia, Gadjah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta, 2021.
Agus Pramusinto, Governance Reform di Indonesia, Gadjah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta, 2021.
Amiruddin & Zainal Asikin, Pengantar Metode Penelitian Hukum, RajaGrafindo Persada, Jakarta, 2020.
Bagir Manan, Kedaulatan Rakyat, Hak Asasi Manusia, dan Negara Hukum, Gaya Media Pratama, Jakarta, 2019.
Bambang Sunggono, Metodologi Penelitian Hukum, RajaGrafindo Persada, Jakarta, 2019.
Bayu Dwi Anggono, Diskresi Pejabat Pemerintahan, FH UGM Press, Yogyakarta, 2021.
Bernard L. Tanya, Teori Hukum: Strategi Tertib Manusia Lintas Ruang dan Generasi, Genta Publishing, Yogyakarta, 2020.
Bernard L. Tanya, Yoan N. Simanjuntak, & Markus Y. Hage, Teori Hukum: Strategi Tertib Manusia Lintas Ruang dan Generasi, Genta Publishing, Yogyakarta, 2019.
Budi Agus Riswandi, Hukum dan Teknologi Informasi, FH UII Press, Yogyakarta, 2020.
Budi Setiyono, Akuntabilitas Pemerintahan dan Pelayanan Publik, PolGov UGM Press, Yogyakarta, 2023.
Burhan Bungin, Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif, Kencana Prenadamedia Group, Jakarta, 2021.
Deddy Mulyadi, Reformasi Birokrasi dan Tata Kelola Pemerintahan Digital, Alfabeta, Bandung, 2022.
E. Saefullah Wiradipradja, Hukum Transportasi, Mandar Maju, Bandung, 2019.
Erniyanti, Daniel Ferdinan Purba, Penataan Penegakan Hukum Maritim Menuju Indonesia Maju, Gita Lentera, Batam, 2024.
Erniyanti, Reformasi Birokrasi, Gita Lentera, Batam, 2024.
Ferry Aries Suranta, Keselamatan Pelayaran dalam Perspektif Hukum Maritim, Pustaka Maritim, Jakarta, 2022.
Indrajit, R.E., Electronic Government: Strategi Pembangunan Sistem Pelayanan Publik Berbasis Teknologi Digital, Andi Offset, Yogyakarta, 2021.
Indroharto, Usaha Memahami Undang-Undang tentang Peradilan Tata Usaha Negara, Pustaka Sinar Harapan, Jakarta, 2019.
Inu Kencana Syafiie, Ilmu Pemerintahan, Alfabeta, Bandung, 2019.
Jimly Asshiddiqie, Konstitusi dan Konstitusionalisme Indonesia, Sinar Grafika, Jakarta, 2021.
Jimly Asshiddiqie, Pengantar Ilmu Hukum Tata Negara, RajaGrafindo Persada, Jakarta, 2018.
Johnny Ibrahim, Teori dan Metodologi Penelitian Hukum Normatif, Bayumedia Publishing, Malang, 2019.
M. Yahya Harahap, Hukum Pelayaran dan Pengangkutan Laut, Sinar Grafika, Jakarta, 2018.
Miftah Thoha, Birokrasi dan Politik di Indonesia, RajaGrafindo Persada, Jakarta, 2020.
Moh. Mahfud MD, Membangun Politik Hukum, Menegakkan Konstitusi, Rajawali Pers, Jakarta, 2020.
Muhammad Yusrizal Adi Syaputra, Tanggung Jawab Pemerintahan dalam Negara Hukum, Prenadamedia Group, Jakarta, 2022.
Ni’matul Huda, Hukum Tata Negara Indonesia, RajaGrafindo Persada, Jakarta, 2022.
Paulus Effendie Lotulung, Hukum Tata Usaha Negara dan Kekuasaan, Salemba Humanika, Jakarta, 2019.
Peter Mahmud Marzuki, Penelitian Hukum, Kencana, Jakarta, 2021.
Philipus M. Hadjon, Pengantar Hukum Administrasi Indonesia, Gadjah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta, 2020.
Philipus M. Hadjon, Perlindungan Hukum bagi Rakyat di Indonesia, Peradaban, Jakarta, 2020.
Pusat Bahasa Departemen Pendidikan Nasional, Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Balai Pustaka, Jakarta, 2018.
R. Subekti dan Tjitrosudibio, Kamus Hukum, Pradnya Paramita, Jakarta, 2018.
Riant Nugroho, Public Policy: Dinamika Kebijakan Publik, Elex Media Komputindo, Jakarta, 2021.
Ridwan HR, Hukum Administrasi Negara, Rajawali Pers, Jakarta, 2022.
Ridwan, Diskresi dan Tanggung Jawab Pemerintah, FH UII Press, Yogyakarta, 2021.
Ridwan, Hukum Administrasi Negara dan Kebijakan Publik, Rajawali Pers, Jakarta, 2023.
S.F. Marbun, Hukum Administrasi Negara I, FH UII Press, Yogyakarta, 2020.
S.F. Marbun, Peradilan Administrasi Negara dan Upaya Administratif, FH UII Press, Yogyakarta, 2019.
Sadu Wasistiono, Manajemen Pemerintahan Daerah, Fokusmedia, Bandung, 2021.
Salim HS dan Erlies Septiana Nurbani, Penerapan Teori Hukum pada Penelitian Tesis dan Disertasi, RajaGrafindo Persada, Jakarta, 2020.
Satjipto Rahardjo, Ilmu Hukum, Citra Aditya Bakti, Bandung, 2019.
Sedarmayanti, Good Governance (Kepemerintahan yang Baik), Mandar Maju, Bandung, 2020.
Soerjono Soekanto, Pengantar Penelitian Hukum, UI Press, Jakarta, 2019.
Soerya Respationo, Urgensi Prolegda Dalam Penetapan Kebijakan Pemerintahan Daerah, Mustika Khatulistiwa, Batam, 2020.
Sugiyono, Metode Penelitian Kualitatif, Alfabeta, Bandung, 2022.
W. Riawan Tjandra, Hukum Administrasi Negara, UAJY Press, Yogyakarta, 2023.
Wicipto Setiadi, Hukum Administrasi Negara Kontemporer, Prenadamedia Group, Jakarta, 2024.
Yuliandri, Asas-Asas Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-undangan yang Baik, Rajawali Pers, Jakarta, 2021.
Yusriadi, Manajemen Aparatur Sipil Negara, Deepublish, Yogyakarta, 2021.
Zainal Arifin Mochtar, Asas-Asas Umum Pemerintahan yang Baik dalam Praktik, FH UGM Press, Yogyakarta, 2023.
Zainal Arifin Mochtar, Asas-Asas Umum Pemerintahan yang Baik, FH UGM Press, Yogyakarta, 2022.
B. Legislation
The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia.
Law No. 17 of 2008 concerning Shipping.
Law No. 66 of 2024 concerning the Third Amendment to Law No. 17 of 2008 concerning Shipping.
Law No. 25 of 2009 concerning Public Services.
Law No. 30 of 2014 concerning Government Administration.
Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation.
Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia No. 7 of 2000 concerning Seafaring.
Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia No. 31 of 2021 concerning the Administration of the Shipping Sector.
Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia No. 64 of 2015 concerning the Amendment to Government Regulation No. 61 of 2009 concerning Ports.
Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia No. 15 of 2016 concerning the Types and Rates of Non-Tax State Revenue Applicable to the Ministry of Transportation.
Minister of Transportation Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia No. PM 28 of 2022 concerning Procedures for the Issuance of Sailing Approval Letters and Approval of Vessel Activities at Ports.
Minister of Transportation Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia No. PM 8 of 2022 concerning Procedures for Vessel Services through Inaportnet.
Minister of Transportation Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia No. PM 57 of 2015 concerning Vessel Pilotage and Towage.
Minister of Transportation Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia No. 7 of 2013 concerning Mandatory Classification of Indonesian-Flagged Vessels by Classification Societies.
Presidential Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia No. 74 of 2021 concerning the Empowerment of Traditional Sea Transportation.
Ministry of Transportation of the Republic of Indonesia, Minister of Transportation Regulation No. PM 60 of 2014 concerning the Administration and Management of Ports.
Ministry of Transportation of the Republic of Indonesia, Law No. 17 of 2008 concerning Shipping and Its Elucidation.
Minister of Transportation Regulation No. PM 82 of 2014 concerning Procedures for Issuing Sailing Approval Letters.
Minister of Transportation Decree No. KM 37 of 2023 concerning Technical Guidelines for Inaportnet System Governance.
C. Journals, Articles, and Papers
Andi Mustari, “Transparansi Pelayanan Publik Berbasis Digital,” Jurnal Administrasi Publik, Vol. 18 No. 2, 2022, p. 143.
Eko Prasojo, “E-Government dan Tantangan Tata Kelola Pemerintahan,” Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi Negara, Vol. 29 No. 1, 2023, p. 52.
Tri Cahya Indra Permana, “Akuntabilitas Keputusan Administratif dalam Era Digital,” Jurnal Hukum Administrasi Negara, Vol. 5 No. 1, 2022.
Zainal Asikin, “Digitalisasi Pelayanan Publik dalam Perspektif Hukum Administrasi,” Jurnal Hukum IUS QUIA IUSTUM, Vol. 29 No. 2, 2022.
