LEGAL REMEDIES FOR CITIZENS AFFECTED BY PERSONAL DATA MISUSE IN WEST JAVA’S DIGITAL PUBLIC SERVICES
Keywords:
Access to justice, Digital public services, Legal remedies, Personal data misuse, West Java.Abstract
Personal data misuse in digital public services can affect citizens’ access to administrative benefits, expose confidential information, and generate financial or other legally relevant harm. This article examines the remedies available within the Indonesian legal framework applicable through 2023, using West Java’s digital public services as its institutional context. Normative legal research combines statutory and conceptual approaches with scholarly literature and official documentation. The analysis distinguishes requests to restore data rights, public service complaints, Ombudsman oversight, judicial proceedings, and criminal enforcement. These mechanisms address different legal problems and cannot be treated as interchangeable routes to compensation. Effective remedy selection requires identification of the processing activity, responsible actor, contested conduct, desired outcome, and supporting evidence. The article develops a comparative matrix of remedial pathways and an evidence framework connecting alleged misuse with institutional responsibility and claimed harm. It proposes coordinated complaint handling that preserves access to competent external forums. The study concludes that effective protection depends on connecting substantive data rights with accessible procedures and appropriate remedies. Its findings are doctrinal and do not establish actual incidents, institutional violations, or compensation outcomes in West Java.
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