LEGAL ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE POLICY OF REFUSAL OF ENTRY FOR FOREIGN CITIZENS IN THE FRAMEWORK OF MAINTAINING STATE SOVEREIGNTY AT THE SEA IMMIGRATION INSPECTION PLACE IN BATAM CITY (RESEARCH STUDY AT BATAM CENTER INTERNATIONAL PORT)
Keywords:
Legal Effectiveness, All Indonesia Application, Illegal Foreign Workers, Immigration Control, Batam City.Abstract
The refusal of entry of foreign nationals constitutes a preventive immigration instrument that plays a strategic role in safeguarding the sovereignty, security, and public order of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the legal framework, implementation, obstacles, and solutions concerning the effectiveness of the policy on the refusal of entry of foreign nationals as an instrument for safeguarding state sovereignty at the Sea Immigration Checkpoint in Batam City, particularly at Batam Center International Port. This research employs an empirical legal research method using statutory, conceptual, and empirical approaches. Data were collected through observation, interviews, documentation, and examination of primary and secondary legal materials. The findings indicate that, normatively, the refusal-of-entry policy has a legal foundation under Law Number 6 of 2011 on Immigration and Minister of Law and Human Rights Regulation Number 9 of 2024. However, its implementation remains not fully effective due to interpretive gaps concerning several grounds for refusal, particularly the clarity of the purpose of visit and the sufficiency of living expenses, which are not yet supported by uniform technical indicators and evidentiary parameters. Effectiveness is also affected by limited secondary inspection facilities, dependence on the reliability of immigration information systems and network connectivity, suboptimal integration of passenger manifest data, and the need to strengthen the competence and consistency of immigration officers. Therefore, regulatory and procedural improvements are required through measurable evidentiary indicators, strengthened infrastructure and immigration information systems, digitalization of refusal documentation, enhanced competence and integrity of immigration officers, and stronger inter-agency coordination. Ultimately, an effective refusal-of-entry policy must balance the facilitation of international mobility with firm law enforcement, thereby ensuring that state sovereignty is protected in an objective, accountable, and sustainable manner.
Downloads
References
Arifin, Ridwan. “ Refusal of Foreigners to Indonesia Through Immigration Checkpoints at International Airports: An Absolute Sovereignty .” Scientific Journal of Immigration Studies, 2018.
BP Batam. " BP Batam BUP Performance Achievements in 2024: Foreign Tourists from Malaysian Ports Increase by 85%," 2025 .
Farisco, Lazuardi, Siti Nurkhotijah, Sayid Fadhil, and Erniyanti. " Legal Analysis Of The Effectiveness Of The Autogate System In Facilitating The Traffic Of Foreigners At International Ports (Research Study In Batam City). " International Journal of Educational Review, Law And Social Sciences (IJERLAS) 5, no. 5 (2025).
Gunardi. " Conceptual Framework and Theoretical Framework in Legal Research ." Scientific Journal of Legal Science 8, no. 1 (2019).
Hijriani, M. Yusuf, Winner A. Siregar, and Sopian. “The Development of Law Enforcement Theory in the Realization of Norm Functions in Society. ” Sultra Research of Law, 2022.
Hutomo, Priyo, and Markus Marselinus Soge. “ Perspectives of Legal System Theory in Reforming the Military Correctional System. ” Journal of Law and Legislation 1, no. 1 (2021).
Istiqamah, Hikmah, Siti Zainab Yanlua, and Muhammad Akbar Yanlua. “ The Concept of the Legal State, Rechtsstaat, and the Rule of Law. ” Journal of Islamic Law and Thought 3, no. 1 (2024).
Pandeirot, Krisna Giovanni. “ The Authority of Immigration Officials and Civil Servant Immigration Investigators in the Foreigner Supervision System in Indonesia According to Law Number 6 of 2011 Concerning Immigration .” Lex Et Societatis 9, no. 4 (2021).
Purnomo, Randy Asmoro Dwi, Ramlan, Dahlan, and Erniyanti. " Legal Analysis Of The Application Of The Concept Of 'Human Security' In Immigration Policy To Combat Human Trafficking In Indonesia (A Research Study At The Class I Special Immigration Office In Batam) ." I nternational Journal of Educational Review, Law And Social Sciences (IJERLAS) 5, no. 5 (2025).
Rahardjo, Satjipto. “ Improving Legal Certainty in the Context of Implementing Justice Based on Pancasila. ” Journal of Law & Development 18, no. 6 (2026).
Rizkia, Nanda Dwi, and Hardi Fardiansyah. Legal Research Methods (Normative and Empirical) , 2023.
Saputra, Muhammad Iqbal, Ramon Nofrial, Bachtiar Simatupang, and Erniyanti. " Law Enforcement On The Misuse Of Residence Permits By Foreign Nationals (A Research Study At The Special Class I Immigration Office Tpi Batam). " International Journal of Educational Review, Law And Social Sciences (IJERLAS) 5, no. 5 (2025).
Simanjuntak, Immanuel, Ramlan, Bachtiar Simatupang, and Erniyanti. "Legal Analysis Of Legal Certainty Regarding The Use Of Au-Tomatic Gates (Autogate) At The Immigration Checkpoint Of The International Port Of Citra Tritunas (A Research Study At The Class I Special Immigration Office Of Tpi Batam) ." International Journal of Educational Review, Law And Social Sciences (IJERLAS) 5, no. 5 (2025).
Simanjuntak, Iwan Sahat Maruli, Erniyanti, and Dahlan. "Legal Analysis Of The Impact Of Singapore's Visa-Free Visit (Bvk) And Permanent Residence (Pr) Policies On The Security And Economic Stability Of Batam City (A Research Study In Batam City) ." International Journal of Social Science, Educational, Economics, Agriculture Research and Technology (IJSET) 4, no. 10 (2025).
Simbolon, Mangapul Alexus. “ Immigration Supervision on Sea Transportation at the Immigration Checkpoint (TPI) of Tanjung Perak Seaport.” Scientific Journal of Immigration Studies 2 4, no. 1 (2021).
Swijane, Ni Putu Claudia. “ The Effectiveness of Selective Immigration Policy (Visitation Permit Violations by Illegal Foreign Workers) in 2020. ” Bakrie University, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences – Political Science Program,
Ridwan Arifin, “Refusal of Foreigners Entering Indonesia through Immigration Checkpoints at International Airports: An Absolute Sovereignty,” Journal of Immigration Studies 1, no. 1 (2018),
Arzaq Zain Abdillah, Fikri Taufiqul Hakim, and Muhammad Iqbal Putratama, “Immigration Supervision and Sanctions in Efforts to Combat People Smuggling ,” JIIP - Scientific Journal of Educational Sciences 6, no. 1 (2023): 127–136.
Dinda Mayang, Panca Wani, and Warisul Ambia, “Immigration Supervision Strategy and the Role of Immigration Law in Facing Threats to State Sovereignty in Indonesia,” Jurnal Sains Riset 11, no. 1 (2021): 44–56.
Ni Putu Claudia Swijane, "The Effectiveness of Selective Immigration Policies (Visitation Permit Violations by Illegal Foreign Workers) in 2020,"
Muhamad Azhar, “The Relevance of General Principles of Good Governance in the State Administration System,” Notarius 8, no. 2 (2015): 274–286.
Ferlian, “Development Planning of Batam Center International Ferry Port, Riau Islands,” Civil Engineering Journal 7, no. 4 (2018).
Solechan, “General Principles of Good Governance in Public Services,” Administrative Law and Governance Journal 2, no. 3 (2019): 541–557.
Nugroho, A. S., Simatupang, B., Dahlan, & Erniyanti. (2025). Legal analysis of the effectiveness of law enforcement against the abuse of foreign resident permits in Indonesia (Case study of the Class I Special Immigration Office for Temporary Stay in Batam). International Journal of Social Science, Educational, Economics, Agriculture Research and Technology (IJSET), 4(8), 3278–3286
Simanjuntak, I. S. M., Erniyanti, & Dahlan. (2025). Legal analysis of the impact of Singapore’s visa-free visit (BVK) and permanent residence (PR) policies on the security and economic stability of Batam City (A research study in Batam City). International Journal of Social Science, Educational, Economics, Agriculture Research and Technology (IJSET), 4(10), 3302–3312
Simanjuntak, ISM, Erniyanti, & Dahlan. (2025). Legal analysis of the impact of Singapore's visa-free visit (BVK) and permanent residence (PR) policies on the security and economic stability of Batam City (A research study in Batam City). International Journal of Social Science, Educational, Economics, Agriculture Research and Technology (IJSET) , 4(10), 3302–3312
Erniyanti. 2023. Bureaucratic Reform. Yogyakarta/Padang: CV. Gita Lentera.
Erniyanti, and Erdi Steven Manurung. 2024. Criminal Aspects of Goods and Services Transportation Agreements. CV. Gita Lentera.
Nugroho, Aziz Sakti, Bachtiar Simatupang, Dahlan, dan Erniyanti. 2025. “Legal Analysis of the Effectiveness of Law Enforcement Against the Abuse of Foreign Resident Permits in Indonesia (Case Study of the Class I Special Immigration Office for Temporary Stay in Batam).” International Journal of Social Science, Educational, Economics, Agriculture Research and Technology (IJSET) 4 (8): 3278–3286
