JURIDICAL ANALYSIS OF THE JUDICIAL ASSESSMENT OF NOTARIAL LIABILITY IN AUTHENTIC DEED DISPUTES IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS (A STUDY OF DECISION NUMBER 1/PID.B/2026/PN.JTH)
Keywords:
Authentic Deed, Criminal Proceedings, Judicial Assessment, Notary's Liability.Abstract
A notary is a public official authorized by the State to execute authentic deeds, which serve as legal instruments possessing the highest evidentiary value in various legal relationships. In practice, authentic deeds function not only as evidence in civil disputes but may also become part of the evidentiary process in criminal proceedings when allegations of criminal conduct arise in connection with their execution. Consequently, a notary may be subject to criminal liability, requiring the court to conduct a judicial assessment in order to determine whether the notary bears criminal responsibility based on the facts established during the trial, the admissible evidence, and the applicable legal provisions. This study examines three principal issues: the legal framework governing judicial assessment of a notary's liability in disputes concerning authentic deeds in criminal proceedings; the implementation of judicial assessment in determining a notary's liability in such disputes; and the obstacles encountered, together with possible solutions, in the judicial assessment of a notary's liability in criminal proceedings involving authentic deeds. This research employs a normative-empirical legal research method using statutory, conceptual, case, historical, and comparative approaches. The research is based on primary data collected through interviews and secondary data obtained from the analysis of statutory regulations, court decisions, legal literature, and scholarly journals. The findings indicate that the legal framework governing judicial assessment of a notary's liability in disputes concerning authentic deeds in criminal proceedings is derived from the integrated application of several legal instruments, including the Law on Notarial Office, the Indonesian Criminal Code, the Indonesian Civil Code, and the Law on Judicial Power. The judicial assessment reflected in Decision Number 1/Pid.B/2026/PN.JTH demonstrates that the court determined the notary's criminal liability by comprehensively evaluating the facts established during the trial, the available evidence, and the fulfilment of the constituent elements of the alleged criminal offence. Accordingly, criminal liability was not imposed solely on the basis of the notary's official capacity or the existence of an authentic deed. The study further reveals that the principal challenge lies in the complexity of proving issues involving both criminal law and notarial law. Therefore, improvements in the legal framework governing the notarial profession and criminal law enforcement, together with further academic research on the criminal liability of notaries, are necessary to strengthen legal certainty, justice, and legal expediency.
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